Estoppel against the Government in California

Rethinking Prosecution History Estoppel

Under the rule of prosecution history estoppel, patent applicants who amend their claims during the course of patent prosecution assume a significant risk: the risk that a court will later construe the changes as concessions that should be read to limit patent scope. This risk is exacerbated by strong evidentiary presumptions under which courts are to assume, unless the patentee presents suffic...

Deep Roots: Local Government Structure in California

sections of text, not to exceed three paragraphs, to be quoted without written permission, provided that full attribution is given to the source and the above copyright notice is included. iii Foreword Political scientists have long struggled with the question of the " right size " for local government—whether the measure is geography or budgets. Jurisdictions covering many square miles, such a...

Cost Trends and Government Incentives in the California

The focus of this thesis is to analyze cost trends and government incentives in the California PV market during 2007-2008. The data show that pre-rebate system costs increased in California during this time period and that this was driven by a surge in worldwide module cost. Systems employing thin film technology did not exhibit a downward impact on cost, which contradicts historical and techno...

Mutuality of Estoppel: Its Status in Nebraska

Reasonable Reliance in Estoppel by Conduct

The basis on which an estoppel by conduct is established is a keenly debated question. Theories based on promise and conscience have recently been propounded in the literature: Michael Pratt has argued that equitable estoppel must be based on promise,* 1 while Michael Spence has argued that the central criterion of estoppel by conduct is unconscionable conduct.2 In advancing these promise and c...